China has a long history of cattle farming, with excellent indigenous breeds such as Qinchuan and Nanyang cattle. As cattle farmers, to improve economic efficiency, it is crucial to continuously refine farming technologies and methods. Below is an introduction to cattle farming technologies and feeding practices.

1. Farming Environment: It is best to choose a flat, sunny, naturally ventilated location with abundant green forage. Select cattle that grow healthily, have bright eyes, and a loud bellow. Since cattle consume a large amount of water during growth, the location must be near a water source to prevent diseases caused by water scarcity.
2. Selection of Beef Cattle: It is preferred to select breeds with obvious meat characteristics such as Piedmontese, Limousin, Charolais, and Simmental, or crossbred calves for phased fattening: calves (under 6 months old), growing cattle (6–12 months old), and feeder cattle (12–22 months old).
3. Processing and Preparation of Forage: Hay should be mainly ammoniated, corn stalks should be ensiled, and green hay should be dried and immediately stored in thatched sheds to prevent rain and sun exposure. Remove dust, iron wires, glass, and gravel from concentrated feed before feeding.
4. Storage of Sufficient Forage and Feed: Stock up feed based on an average daily consumption per head of 3–10 kg of hay (ammoniated hay, corn silage, alfalfa hay, etc.) and 1.5–4 kg of concentrated feed.
5. Feeding and Watering: Feed twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening, with a 12-hour interval, giving cattle sufficient time for rumination and rest. The feeding order should be coarse feed before concentrated feed, dry before wet, and feeding in small, frequent amounts. Mix feed dry in winter and wet in summer; never feed moldy or spoiled forage. Water 2–3 times a day (3–4 times in summer), and keep the water temperature around 0°C in winter.
6. Sheds Must Be Sunny, Dry, and Ventilated: Each adult cattle requires an area of 3 m². The shed should contain feeding and watering troughs. The outdoor area should have shaded, sunny spots for hitching and additional watering troughs.
7. Sanitation of Barn and Utensils: Clear feces inside and outside the barn daily. Pad the cattle bed with 5–10 cm of dry hay to prevent laminitis. Disinfect utensils inside and outside the shed every two weeks with 0.3% Lysol. Clean feeding troughs thoroughly before feeding and disinfect them weekly with a 2–3% caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) solution. Clean water troughs frequently and refresh water. Brush the cattle body 1–2 times daily to keep it clean.
8. Maintain Moderate Exercise: Keep the environment quiet with minimal movement during the fattening stage to facilitate rumination and rest. Calves for fattening should be castrated. The exercise yard must be quiet, dry, and spacious, providing enough space for standing and moving.
9. Disease Prevention: To enhance immunity, mix vitamin pills or antibiotics into the feed to reduce the probability of sickness. Clean the cattle regularly to reduce mosquito damage. During clear weather, lead the cattle out of the shed for sun exposure to kill bacteria.
10. Regular Cleaning: Cattle have strong disease resistance, but prolonged exposure to dirty environments easily causes illnesses. Clean the barn daily, wash away feces and food residues, and sanitize feeding and watering equipment to ensure healthy growth. In summary, cattle are valuable livestock. Scientific and rational methods must be applied in cattle farming to improve growth, health, and yield, thereby maximizing farming benefits.